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Purushottam Maas
Purshottam maas is an extra month in the Hindu calendar. This is been done for bridging of the lunar and solar calendars. According to Vasishtha Siddhanta (the treatise of Vasishtha) Purshottam maas or the extra lunar month occurs after every 32 months, 16 days and 8 Ghatis (a Ghati is a period of 24 minutes and 60 Ghadts equal 24 hours). In this reference the concept of Adhik Maas is unique to the traditional Hindu lunar calendars.〔(12 important facts about Adhik Mass you must know! )〕 It is one the most accurate method to adjust gap between Solar and Lunar Year. During 2015, Adhik Maas was observed during from 17 June 2015 to 16 July 2015.
The other names for Purshottam maas are Adhik Maas, mala maas, Malimmacha. This is the thirteenth month of the lunar calendar.〔(Adhik mass )〕 Adhik Maas adopts the name of the month that follows Adhik Maas.
==Overview==
When the Sun does not at all transit into any rāshi but simply keeps moving within a rāshi in a lunar month (i.e. before a new moon), then that lunar month will be named according to the first upcoming transit. It will also take the epithet of adhik or "extra". For example, if a lunar month elapsed without a solar transit and the next transit is into Mesha, then this month without transit is labeled adhik Chaitra. The next month will be labeled according to its transit as usual and will get the epithet nija ("original") or shuddha ("clean"). Adhik māsa (month) is the first of two whereas an adhika tithi is the second of two.
Extra Month, or adhik mas māsa (mas = lunar month) falls every 32.5 months on an average. It is also known as puruśottama māsa, it is said that the name is been given by Lord Vishnu as his name to this month. The solar year is made up of 365 days and about 06 hours and the lunar year is made up of 354 days. Thus both the solar and the lunar years have gaps of 11 days, 1 hour, 31 minutes and 12 seconds. As this gap increases each year, it approximates in three years to one month. No adhik mas falls during Margsheersh to Magh. A case of Adhik Karttik is extremely rare, but in the 250-year span (1901-2150 AD) it would occur once, in 1963 AD.
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